PENCEGAHAN PRESSURE ULCER DI NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU): SEBUAH NARRATIVE REVIEW

Sri Hendrawati; Septa Permana

Authors

Sri Hendrawati Universitas Padjadjaran
Septa Permana STIkep PPNI Jawa Barat

Keywords:

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatus, Pencegahan, Pressure Ulcer.

Abstract

Neonatus dengan penyakit akut dan imobilisasi berisiko untuk mengalami pressure ulcer. Insidensi kejadian pressure ulcer pada critically ill infants dan children berkisar antara 18% sampai 27%. Pressure ulcer tidak hanya menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan dan rasa sakit pada neonatus, tetapi juga dapat memperpanjang masa perawatan di rumah sakit, meningkatkan biaya perawatan kesehatan, dan berpotensi menyebabkan komplikasi serius. Sehingga diperlukan upaya pencegahan pressure ulcer pada neonatus yang mengalami perawatan di Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan komprehensif mengenai strategi pencegahan pressure ulcer pada neonatus di NICU. Metode studi literatur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah narrative review. Artikel dikumpulkan dari EBSCOhost, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu “pressure injuries” OR “pressure ulcer “ OR “pressure sores” OR “bedsores” OR “bed sores” OR “decubitus” AND “prevention” OR “intervention” OR “treatment” OR “program” AND “neonatal intensive care unit” OR “NICU”. Kriteria inklusi yang ditetapkan pada pencarian literatur yaitu artikel membahas tentang pencegahan pressure ulcer pada neonatus yang mengalami perawatan di Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, tahun terbit artikel 10 tahun terakhir (2015-2024), artikel yang digunakan bahasa Inggris, dan tersedia dalam artikel full-text. Setelah didapatkannya artikel yang relevan, maka tahap selanjutnya adalah menganalisis temuan dari artikel yang ditemukan. Hasil penelusuran artikel mendapatkan sebanyak 989 artikel tetapi hanya lima artikel yang memenuhi kriteria yang kemudian dianalisis. Berdasarkan artikel yang didapatkan terdapat beberapa strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk pencegahan pressure ulcer di NICU diantaranya conduct a pressure ulcer admission assessment for all patients, reassessing risk for patients, inspect skin daily, manage moisture: keep the patient dry and moisturize skin, optimize nutrition and hydration, minimize pressure, perawatan metode kanguru (kangaroo care), dan pendekatan multidisiplin. Perkembangan pressure ulcer masih menjadi masalah klinis yang penting pada neonatus yang mengalami sakit kritis. Intervensi keperawatan memainkan peran penting dalam pencegahan pressure ulcer.

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