PRASANGKA TERHADAP HOMOSEKSUAL: PERAN FUNDAMENTALISME BERAGAMA DAN KECEMASAN ANTARKELOMPOK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55681/sentri.v2i5.898Keywords:
Fundamentalisme Beragama, Homoseksual, Intergroup Anxiety, Prasangka SosialAbstract
Dalam masyarakat Indonesia yang menganut heteronormatif, homoseksual dipandang bertentangan dengan norma sosial agama. Akibatnya, muncul sikap negatif atau prasangka terhadap homoseksual. Berbagai faktor yang membentuk prasangka yaitu religious fundamentalism dan intergroup anxiety sebagai anteseden prasangka terhadap homoseksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji dan menjelaskan hubungan kecemasan antarkelompok dan fundamentaslime beragama dengan prasangka terhadap homoseksual pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional survey, dengan sampel penelitian (N = 385) berusia 17-25 tahun, mahasiswa di Jawa Timur dan Bali, berjenis kelamin perempuan dan laki-laki heteroseksual yang dipilih dengan teknik accidental sampling. Fundamentalisme beragama, kecemasan antarkelompok, dan prasangka terhadap homoseksual diukur menggunakan skala. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan fundamentalisme beragama dan kecemasan antarkelompok berperan secara signifikan dalam memprediksi prasangka terhadap homoseksual (R = 0,529; R2 = 0,276; F = 74,110; p < 0,001). Melalui analisis tambahan diketahui bahwa keterkaitan individu dengan kelompok homoseksual juga berperan prasangka mereduksi homoseksual. Implikasi teoritis dan praktis dari hasil penelitian ini didiskusikan lebih lanjut.Downloads
References
Pratiwi PS. Survei: Mayoritas warga terancam LGBT [Internet]. CNN Indonesia. 2018 [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20180125122036-20-271486/survei-mayoritas-warga-terancam-lgbt
Wibawa SW. Survei opini publik Indonesia tentang LGBT dirilis, begini hasilnya [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://sains.kompas.com/read/2018/01/25/190357223/survei-opini-publik-indonesia-tentang-lgbt-dirilis-begini-hasilnya?page=all
Garnesia I. Pandangan terhadap LGBT: Masih soal penyakit sosial dan agama’. Tirto. [Internet]. Tirto. 2019 [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://tirto.id/pandangan-terhadap-lgbt-masih-soal-penyakit-sosial-dan-agama-edju
Rahardjo VR, Tondok MS. Prasangka terhadap homoseksual: Peran fundamentalisme agama dan identitas sosial. Keluwih J Sos Dan Hum. 2022 Apr 30;3(1):40–9.
Jackson S. Interchanges: Gender, sexuality, and heterosexuality: The complexity (and limits) of heteronormativity. Fem Theory. 2006 Apr;7(1):105–21.
Ning X, Poon MKL. Mapping heteronormativity as state violence: the experience of gay men and lesbians in contemporary China and its implication for social work practice. China J Soc Work. 2021 Jan 2;14(1):59–73.
Herek GM. Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory and practice. J Soc Issues. 2007 Nov 28;63(4):905–25.
Marchia J, Sommer JM. (Re)defining heteronormativity. Sexualities. 2019 Mar;22(3):267–95.
Chandra J, Tondok MS, Balgies S. Indonesian students’ prejudice against homosexuals: Religious fundamentalism and intergroup threat as predictors. Humaniora. 2022;13(3):255–64.
Herek GM, McLemore KA. Sexual prejudice. Annu Rev Psychol. 2013; 64:309–33.
Herek GM. The social psychology of sexual prejudice. In: Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination. 2nd ed. New York: Psychology Press; 2016. p. 355–74.
Tondok MS, Suryanto S, Ardi R. Intervention program to reduce religious prejudice in education settings: A scoping review. Religions. 2022 Mar 30;13(4):299.
Maulida R, Dahlan TH, Misbach IH. Pengaruh personal value terhadap prasangka seksual. Pers VALUE. 2017;1(1):95–108.
Luthan AFR, Nurfajar AP, Safitri DE, Damanik EP, Dawangi FD, Purba FM, et al. Hubungan antara kontak dan sikap terhadap individu homoseksual di kalangan mahasiswa Jabodetabek. 2020;2(1). Available from: https://ksm.ui.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubungan-antara-Kontak-dan-Sikap-Terhadap-Individu-Homoseksual-di-Kalangan-Mahasiswa-Jabodetabek1.pdf
Inderasari AP, Tondok MS, Yudiarso A. Prejudice against veiled Muslim women: The role of right-wing authoritarianism and intergroup anxiety. 2021;6(1):33–46.
Hunsberger B, Owusu V, Duck R, Hunsberger B, Owusu V, Duck R. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion Religion and Prejudice in Ghana and Canada: Religious Fundamentalism, Right-Wing Religon and Prejudice in Ghana and Canada: Religious Fundamentalism, Right-Wing Authoritarianism , and Attitudes. J Psychol Relig. 1999;9(3):157–79.
Stephan WG. Intergroup anxiety: Theory, research, and practice. Personal Soc Psychol Rev. 2014 Aug;18(3):239–55.
Bailey JM, Vasey PL, Diamond LM, Breedlove SM, Vilain E, Epprecht M. Sexual orientation, controversy, and science. Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2016;17(2):45–101.
Wang Y, Wu H, Sun ZS. The biological basis of sexual orientation: How hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors influence to whom we are sexually attracted. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2019;55.
Moleiro C, Pinto N. Sexual orientation, and gender identity: Review of concepts, controversies, and their relation to psychopathology classification systems. Front Psychol. 2015;6(1511):1–6.
Cook CCH. The causes of human sexual orientation. Theol Sex. 2021;27(1):1–19.
Myers DG, Twenge JM. Social psychology. 13th ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.
Tondok MS, Indramawan DK, Ayuni A. Does prejudice mediate the effect of ethnocentrism on discrimination? An empirical study on interethnic relations. ANIMA Indones Psychol J. 2017 Oct 25;33(1):41–56.
Lukika O, Tondok MS. Empati dan prasangka terhadap penyandang disabilitas. Keluwih J Sos Dan Hum. 2022 Oct 31;3(2):68–75.
The ATN, Tondok MS. Prejudice toward Islamic fundamentalists: The role of social domination orientation and interreligious empathy among Christian students in Surabaya. J Ilm Psikol Terap. 2023 Jan 30;11(1):65–71.
Nelson TD, editor. Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. 2nd ed. Psychology Press.; 2016.
Altemeyer B, Hunsberger B. Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice. Int J Psychol Relig. 1992;2(2):113–33.
Stephan WG, Stephan CW. Intergroup Anxiety. J Soc Issues. 1985;41(3):157–75.
Stephan WG. Intergroup Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Practice. Personal Soc Psychol Rev. 2014;18(3):239–55.
Herek GM. Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. J Sex Res. 1988;25(4):451–77.
Altemeyer B, Hunsberger B. A revised religious fundamentalism scale: The short and sweet of it. Int J Psychol Relig. 2004 Jan;14(1):47–54.
JASP Team. JASP (Version 0.15). 2021.
Inderasari AP, Tondok MS, Yudiarso A. Prejudice against veiled Muslim women: The role of right-wing authoritarianism and intergroup anxiety. Psikohumaniora J Penelit Psikol. 2021 Apr 26;6(1):33–46.
Noorrahman MF, Sairin M. Peran dukungan sosial dalam mengurangi prasangka sosial pada mahasiswa baru yang berstatus sebagai mahasiswa pendatang. SENTRI J Ris Ilm. 2023;2(5):1751–6.
Tondok MS, Suryanto S, Ardi R. Pengaruh cooperative learning terhadap relasi antarkelompok pada setting pendidikan: Meta-analisis studi eksperimen lapangan. In: Prosiding Seminar dan Temu Ilmiah Nasional [Internet]. Surabaya: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Hang Tua; 2023. p. 1–22. Available from: https://fpsi.hangtuah.ac.id/pengaruh-cooperative-learning-terhadap-relasi-antarkelompok-pada-setting-pendidikan-meta-analisis-studi-eksperimen-lapangan/
Sulistio S, Suryanto S, Hadziq A, Bulut S. The mediating effect of group identity and religious fundamentalism on the association of intergroup contact with prejudice. Psikohumaniora J Penelit Psikol. 2020 Oct 31;5(2):169–84.
Altemeyer B, Hunsberger B. The International Journal for the Fundamentalism, Quest, and Prejudice Authoritarianism, Religious Fundamentalism, Quest , and Prejudice. 2009;(January 2015):37–41.
Cooper B. Boys Don’t Cry and female masculinity: Reclaiming a life & dismantling the politics of normative heterosexuality. Crit Stud Media Commun. 2002;19(1):44–63.
Hunsberger B. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion Religious Fundamentalism, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Hostility Toward Homosexuals in Non-Christian Religious Groups. 2009;(May 2013):37–41.
Arli D, Badejo A, Sutanto N. Exploring the effect of intrinsic religiousness, extrinsic religiousness, and religious fundamentalism on people’s attitude towards lesbians and gays in Indonesia. J Relig Spiritual Aging. 2020 Apr 2;32(2):118–34.
Stephan WG. Intergroup Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Practice. Personal Soc Psychol Rev. 2014;18(3):239–55.
Chen YA, Zhang YB. Parasocial relationship and reduction of intergroup prejudice against the Chinese LGBT community: Intergroup anxiety and direct contact. Commun Stud. 2022 Jul 4;73(4):397–411.
Hatoum AH, White FA. Advancing e-contact to reduce intergroup anxiety and increase positive attitudes towards individuals who identify as bisexual. J Sex Res. 2022 Sep 2;59(7):872–85.
Kanamori Y, Xu YJ, Harrell-Williams LM, Lightsey OR. Intergroup contact, intergroup anxiety, and anti-transgender prejudice: An examination using structural equation modeling. Arch Sex Behav. 2022 May;51(4):1943–58.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
